Scale-preventer for boilers



UNITED STATES,

PATENT OFFic-n.

CHARLES F. BAKER, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

SCALE-PREVENTE R FOR BOILERS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 382.7d8, dated May 15,1888.

) Application filed September 2, 1887. Serial No. 248.565. (FomodeL) ITo all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, OHARLEs F. BAKER, a citizen of the'United States,and a resident of the city of Minneapolis, county of Hennepin, State ofMinnesota, have invented a certain new and useful Scale-'Preventer forBoilers, of which the following is a specification, reference beinghadto the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to the purification of water, and has for itsgeneral object to remove from water foreign materials held in solution.It is in the nature of an improvement on what are known to the trade asboilercleaners, but is applicable generally to water filters orpurifiers. It was designed more es-. pecially to prevent scaling insteam-boilers; and it consists of the construction hereinafter fullydescribed and particularly claimed.

In the drawings,like letters referring to like parts throughout, Figurel is a longitudinal section of asteam-boiler furnace,giving a .view

in side elevation of a steam-boiler embodying my invention, a part ofthe boiler being broken away. Figs. 2 and 3 are details in cross sectionandplan view, respectively, of my preferred form of skimmer ormouth-piece for the outflow-pipe; and Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig.1, part of the furnace and boiler being broken away, showing a differentform of mouth-piece.

A is the furnace.

B is the boiler.

G is the mud-drum,suitably supported under the boiler within theinterior of the furnace with one end projecting outward through the endwall of the furnace.

D is the drum-leg connecting the top of the mud-drum with the bottom ofthe boiler.

E represents water in the boiler B. From the top of the outer end of themuddrum to a point slightly below the water-level in the boiler extendsa pipe, F, which serves as an outflow-pipe. To the end ofthe pipeF,within the boiler, may be attached a suitable mouthpiece or skimmer,as G or G. To the bottom of the outer end of the mud-drum is attached ablow-off, H.

The mouth-pieces or skimmers G G are both of a special construction. Theone marked G is composed of a truncated cone, a, having spiralcorrugations a on its outer surface,

starting from the large and ending near the small end, and a cone-shapedor concave defiectoror water-guide, b, rigidly attached to the part aand held a short distance below the smallendvof the'same'. The cone aencircles the endof the outflow-pipe F and hasits small endcoterminons-with the mouth of-said pipe and continuous with the walls ofthe same. The central part of the deflector or guide b may have itscentral part turned in-v ward and upward into a sharp conical point,

as shown at b. piece is used, the outflow-pipe F terminates within theboiler in a vertical branch, and G When this form of mouthis so attachedthereto that the large end of the cone (6 will be slightly above thewater-level I I and the small end considerably below the same, and thedeflector b is so attached to a that its large end or upper edge will bejust below the water-level. The effect of this construction is I to makeall the water come into the mouth piece between theperi-pheries ofthelarge ends of the two cones, and in virtue of, the corrugations a aspiral motion is given to the water causing an eddy or downward suction,.thus

more effectually drawing off the scum and all foreign material. Themouth-piece marked G is in shapelike half a truncated cone divided onthe central vertical plane from end to end. The flat part is made thebottom. It is attached to the month ofthe outflow-pipe at a slightupward inclination with the outer edge of the flat part below thelow-water level, and the curved part is large enough at its outer end toextend above high-water level. Both of these mouth-pieces work well andadd to the efficiency of the construction; but they are not absolutelyessential. -They may be dispensed with entirely.

The outflow-pipe F would then have its mouth just below the water-level,substantially as it would appear in Fig. 4 if the mouth-piece G wereremoved. v i

The operation is as follows: Heat having been applied to the boiler,circulation will take place from the water level in the boiler to thetop of the mud-drum, through the outflow-pipe, and back to the bottom ofthe boiler through the drum-leg D, owing to the-different temperaturesof the waterin the two vessels.. This circulation will take placewhether the construction used be as shown in Fig. 4 or Fig.1, or even ifthe mouth-pieces G or G be entirely dispensed with. The water in theboiler is under pressure. It therefore boils at a high temperature. Thelower forward and under side of the mud-drum is entirely cut off fromthe direct application of heat. The rear end of the drum and themud-drum leg are encompassed by the products of combustion. More or lessof the top of the forward part of the drum is touched by the products ofcombustiony The result is that the water in the forward end of the drumis comparatively cold, the water at the water-level in the boiler isextremely hot,and the water in the mud-drum leg has a temperaturebetween the two; hence, in obedience to the law of gravity and theaction of heat on liquids, circulation must take place, whether theoutflow-pipe F enters the boiler vertically or horizontally makes notthe slightest difference. At the boiling-point, in accordance withwell-known laws, all foreign material held in solution will be set free,and in virtue of the ebullition caused by the direct application of heatto the boiler will rise to the top of the water. The circulationconstantlyskims off the top surface, carrying with it the foreignmaterial into the mud-drum. The water in the drum is comparativelyquiet, being free from ebullition, owing to the absence of the directapplication of heat to the under side of the same; hence the foreignmatter received therein settles to the bottom and may be blown off atwill.

The advantages of my construction are great. The circulation is muchstronger. It is more rapid and more perfect. There is never any cloggingor failure of the circulation. It is continuous. The products ofcombustion from degrees below that in the boiler.

the furnace-grate pass around the drum-leg and over the top of the drum;hence the top of the drum is the hottest, and there is always an upwardcurrent in the drumleg.

The mud-drum is made to serve the double function, preserving all itswell-known advantages as a settling-vessel in the best position to catchall foreign matter held in suspension, and adding thereto the functionof receiving and holding matter held in solution. By using the muddrumin this manner, located inside the furnace, loss of heat by radiation isavoided. The water once heated the temperatures remain comparatively constant, the water in the drum being only a few There is thus effected agreat economy in fuel. The

only part of the construction exposed to loss by radiation is theoutflow-pipe, which may be incased in suitable non-conducting material.

The construction is extremely simple and capable of easy attachment toany boiler. By actual and continuous usage I have demonstrated itsefficiency for the ends in view. Scaling is entirely prevented, andthere is a large economy in fuel.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is as follows:

1. In scale-preventers for boilers, a mouthpiece for the outflow-pipe,consisting of a truncated cone provided with spiral corrugations on itswater-receiving and directing surface, and having its small endcoterminous with the end of said outflow-pipe, as'and for the purposeset forth.

2. In scale-preventers for boilers, a mouthpiece for the outflow-pipe,consisting of a truncated cone provided with spiral corrugations on itsouter surface extending from its larger to its smaller end, supportedvertically with its small end below and its large end above thewater-level, and having its small end coterminous with the end of saidoutflowpipe.

3. In scale-preventers for boilers, a mouthpiece for the outflow-pipe,consisting of a spirally-corrugated truncated cone supported verticallywith, its small end below and its large end above the water-level, incombination with a disk or cone-shaped deflector or guide rigidlyattached to said corrugated cone and supported directly under the same,and having its large endjust below the water-level, as and for thepurpose set forth.

4. In combination, boiler B, mud-drum G, drum-leg D, connecting the topof the latter to the bottom of the former, the outflow-pipe F, extendingfrom the interior of the boiler to the mud-drum, and the mouth-piece G aa b b, as described, attached to the end of the pipe F, within theboiler, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In scale-preventers for boilers, a mouthpiece for the outflow-pipe,consisting of a truncated cone supported vertically with its small endbelow and its large end above the water-level and a disk or cone-shapeddeflector supported below and rigidly connected to said truncated cone,and having its larger end near to but slightly below the water-level,substantially as described.

CHARLES F. BAKER.

In presence of-- EMMA F. ELMORE, J AS. F. WILLInMsoN.

